Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Procyanidins from Wild Grape (Vitis amurensis) Seeds in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells

Figure 2

Effects of WGP on LPS-induced ROS production in RAW 264.7 cells. The level of intracellular ROS was measured with DCF-DA. The cells were pretreated with DCF-DA for 1 h, and then exposed to WGP at 35 μg/mL for 24 h. The formation of ROS in the cells was evaluated by the arbitrary fluorescence unit and described as fold induction test via vehicle (DMSO, 0.1%). Each value represents mean ± SD of six independent experiments. ^∗𝑃<0.05 indicates differences from the unstimulated control group. ^#𝑃<0.05 indicates differences from the LPS-treated group.