Hypothermia Improves Oral and Gastric Mucosal Microvascular Oxygenation during Hemorrhagic Shock in Dogs

Table 1

Hemodynamic variables of the experimental groups.

Variable	Group	Measuring point 1; (0.5 h)	Measuring point 2; (2.5 h)	Measuring point 3; (3.0 h)	Measuring point 4; (3.5 h)
Gastric 𝜇HbO2; [%]	NT	70±4	70±4	68±5	67±5
	HT	72±2	73±2	73±2	73±1
	NT/HS	76±1	78±2	51±7^∗	56±8^∗
	HT/HS	74±1	71±2	60±6^#	60±8
Oral 𝜇HbO2; [%]	NT	79±2	82±1	81±1	80±1
	HT	80±2	85±3^∗	86±1^∗#	84±1
	NT/HS	75±2	78±1	42±5^∗	48±4^∗
	HT/HS	76±1	81±1^#	65±4^#	62±4^∗
𝜇flow; [aU]	NT	127±29	129±24	125±26	119±25
	HT	140±33	124±26	125±22	122±21
	NT/HS	146±30	160±25	53±10^∗	63±13^∗
	HT/HS	131±22	136±20	85±18^∗	78±16
𝜇Vel; [aU]	NT	23±3	23±3	23±3	22±3
	HT	27±4	25±2	25±2	26±2
	NT/HS	25±3	26±3	17±3	18±3^∗
	HT/HS	26±3	28±4	25±4	25±4
𝜇Hb [aU]	NT	87±3	86±3^∗	85±3^∗	85±3^∗
	HT	84±2	84±3	84±2	84±2
	NT/HS	87±3	84±4	64±7^∗	67±7^∗
	HT/HS	83±3	81±3	73±4^∗	73±3^∗
𝜇DO2; [aU]	NT	2082±481	2123±411	2073±440	1976±430
	HT	2374±558	2195±433	2177±382	2135±368
	NT/HS	2345±481	2517±411	828±154^∗	982±187^∗
	HT/HS	2187±359	2327±345	1417±262^∗	1310±262
DO2; [mL·kg^−1·min^−1]	NT	15±1	14±1	14±1	14±1
	HT	14±1	13±1	13±1	13±1
	NT/HS	14±1	13±1	8±1^∗	9±1^∗
	HT/HS	15±1	14±1	9±1^∗#	10±1^∗
VO2; [aU]	NT	380±64	351±62	354±62	349±64
	HT	423±92	273±27	265±23^∗	318±53
	NT/HS	527±108	512±90	447±85	474±88
	HT/HS	472±72	421±59	435±67	453±85
SVR; [mmHg·L^−1·min]	NT	26±2	27±2	28±2^∗	28±2^∗
	HT	27±2	28±2	29±2	30±2^∗
	NT/HS	26±2	26±2	35±2	35±2^∗
	HT/HS	25±2	27±2	33±2	34±2
CO; [mL·kg^−1·min^−1]	NT	88±8	85±6	84±5	84±5
	HT	81±7	74±4	73±3	72±4^∗#
	NT/HS	88±6	85±3	52±3^∗	59±3^∗
	HT/HS	87±6	80±3	53±3^∗	57±4^∗
SV; [mL]	NT	23±2	22±2	22±2^∗	22±2^∗
	HT	22±2	27±2^∗#	26±2^∗#	26±2^∗#
	NT/HS	22±2	22±2	14±1^∗	15±1^∗
	HT/HS	23±2	27±3^∗#	16±1^∗#	17±1^∗#
MAP; [mmHg]	NT	63±2	65±1	65±1	65±2
	HT	62±2	61±1^#	61±1	61±2
	NT/HS	65±1	65±1	53±1^∗	61±2
	HT/HS	62±2	62±3	50±4^∗	55±3^∗#
HR; [min^−1]	NT	111±6	111±5	111±5	110±6
	HT	108±5	82±4^∗#	81±4^∗#	81±4^∗#
	NT/HS	117±5	112±4^∗	114±8	117±8
	HT/HS	112±6^#	88±6^∗#	96±8^∗#	97±8^∗#

Effect of normothermia (NT), hypothermia (HT), hemorrhage during normothermia (NT/HS), and hemorrhage during hypothermia (HT/HS) on gastric and oral mucosal hemoglobin oxygenation (𝜇HbO₂), microvascular flow (𝜇flow), velocity (𝜇Vel) and amount of haemoglobin (𝜇Hb), regional (𝜇DO₂), and systemic oxygen delivery (DO₂), oral mucosal oxygen consumption (𝜇VO₂), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR); data are presented as absolute values, mean ± SE, 𝑛=5, ^∗𝑃<0.05 versus baseline, ^#𝑃<0.05 versus NT for group HT and versus NT/HV for group HT/HV.