ROS and Brain Diseases: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Table 1

Drugs with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects currently under investigation for the treatment of several neuropsychiatric diseases.

Drug	Brain disease	Mechanism	Reference
𝜔-3 PUFA	ADHD	Nonspecific antioxidant effect	[151, 152]
Vitamin C	Vascular dementia	Free radical scavenger	[153]
Hyperbaric O2	Autism	Anti-inflammatory and reduces oxidative stress	[157]
H2S	Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion	Inhibits oxidative phosphorylation, inflammation, and apoptosis	[159]
H2-rich saline	Focal or global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion	Reduces oxidative stress and inflammation	[160, 161]
Lithium	Healthy volunteers	Prevents/or reverses DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and free radical formation	[164]
Pifithrin-𝜇	Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage	Inhibition of the apoptotic pathways and reduction of the oxidative stress	[166]
Telmisartan	Vascular dementia	Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects	[174–176]
Nanodrugs		ROS scavengers	[177]
Triterpenoids	Parkinson	Antioxidants via Nrf2/ARE pathway	[146]
PPARgamma agonists	Neurodegenerative diseases	Anti-inflammatory	[162–164]