Research Article
Indices of Paraoxonase and Oxidative Status Do Not Enhance the Prediction of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Mixed-Ancestry South Africans
Table 3
Characteristics of the participants by quarters of CIMT.
| | Variables | Quartiles of CIMT | value | | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 |
| | 123 | 131 | 118 | 119 | NA | | CIMT [min–max] | 0.30–0.67 | 0.68–0.82 | 0.83–1.02 | 1.03–2.18 | NA | | Female, (%) | 101 (82.1) | 104 (79.4) | 97 (82.2) | 63 (52.9) | <0.0001 | | Age (years) | 44.9 (12.9) | 53.3 (11.8) | 57.6 (11.3) | 63.0 (9.8) | <0.0001 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 30.5 (6.7) | 31.5 (8.0) | 32.3 (8.0) | 31.5 (9.5) | 0.234 | | Waist circumference (cm) | 94.0 (18.7) | 97.1 (13.5) | 96.3 (14.0) | 98.2 (14.9) | 0.060 | | Waist/hip ratio | 0.86 (0.15) | 0.87 (0.12) | 0.89 (0.10) | 0.93 (0.10) | <0.0001 | | Systolic BP (mmHg) | 125 (19) | 135 (26) | 138 (21) | 149 (31) | <0.0001 | | Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 78 (12) | 83 (16) | 82 (11) | 84 (15) | 0.007 | | FPG (mmol/L) | 5.7 (2.2) | 6.0 (2.3) | 6.4 (2.8) | 7.6 (3.9) | <0.0001 | | HbA1c (%) | 6.2 (1.1) | 6.2 (1.0) | 6.7 (1.6) | 7.4 (2.3) | <0.0001 | | Creatinine (µM) | 68.8 (14.3) | 72.8 (19.0) | 72.2 (18.6) | 85.8 (39.8) | <0.0001 | | C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 4.4 [1.4–7.6] | 5.1 [2.2–8.7] | 5.4 [2.5–9.2] | 5.3 [2.0–9.2] | 0.222 | | GGT (IU/L) | 24 [17–38] | 29 [19–49] | 28 [19–41] | 29 [21–43] | 0.145 | | Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.2 (0.9) | 5.4 (1.1) | 5.7 (1.2) | 5.7 (1.1 ) | <0.0001 | | HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.4 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.4 (0.4) | 1.4 (0.4) | 0.708 | | LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.2 (0.8) | 3.4 (1.0) | 3.6 (1.0) | 3.6 (1.0) | 0.003 | | Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.3 (0.7) | 1.5 (0.9) | 1.7 (1.0) | 1.6 (0.9) | 0.0008 | | PON1 (µg/mL) | 102 [78–112] | 94 [77–110] | 98 [77–112] | 94 [70–110] | 0.290 | | PONase (U/L) | 204 [170–233] | 184 [130–215] | 182 [136–218] | 177 [119–217] | 0.005 | | AREase (kU/L) | 118 [97–141] | 103 [84–126] | 94 [75–132] | 95 [76–120] | <0.0001 | | FRAP (µM) | 734 [602–887] | 672 [573–809] | 636 [533–795] | 667 [534–785] | 0.014 | | TEAC (nM) | 1484 [1068–1858] | 1316 [947–1628] | 1206 [929–1595] | 1235 [904–1568] | 0.001 | | Ox-LDL (ng/mL) | 3618 [2641–5102] | 4576 [3230–5844] | 4747 [3638–6176] | 4975 [3545–6333] | <0.0001 | | TBARS (nM) | 1857 [1251–2504] | 2280 [1544–3042] | 2447 [1919–3256] | 2571 [1905–3666] | <0.0001 |
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FPG: fasting plasma glucose; BMI: body mass index; BP blood pressure; GGT: gamma glutamyl transferase; HDL: high density lipoprotein; LDL: low density lipoprotein; CIMT: carotid intima-media thickness; PON1: paraoxonase 1; PONase: paraoxonase; AREase: arylesterase; FRAP: ferric reducing ability of plasma; TEAC: trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity; Ox-LDL: oxidized LDL; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances.
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