Enhancement of Cellular Antioxidant-Defence Preserves Diastolic Dysfunction via Regulation of Both Diastolic Zn2+ and Ca2+ and Prevention of RyR2-Leak in Hyperglycemic Cardiomyocytes
Figure 3
N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) treatment normalizes diastolic function of the heart due to normalization of increased levels of basal Ca2+ and Zn2+. (a) Left ventricular end diastolic pressure, LVEDP, changes among the groups are given for controls (CON), diabetics (DM), and NAC-treated diabetics (DM + NAC group; 150 mg/kg, daily and intragastrically, for 4 weeks). (b) Representative traces showing how basal levels of intracellular free Ca2+ and Zn2+can be demonstrated by using fluorescence changes following TPEN application in cardiomyocytes loaded with Furo-AM. The average values of basal intracellular free Zn2+ (left) and Ca2+ (right) are given in (c). Bar graphs represent mean ± SEM values. In here, a fourth group is NAC-incubated diabetic cells (+NAC; 1 mM, for 1 h at 37°C). The numbers of animals/cells for each group as well as for each protocol, at least used, are the following; , ; , ; , ; , for CON, DM, DM + NAC, and +NAC groups, respectively. Significant at * versus CON group.
