Flutamide-Induced Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in an In Vitro Rat Hepatocyte System

Table 1

FLU-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress using an in vitro oxidative stress inflammation system in isolated rat hepatocytes.

Addition	Cytotoxicity (trypan blue uptake, %)			LPO (MDA, µM)	MMP (% control)
Incubation time	60 min	120 min	180 min	30 min	30 min
Control	19 ± 1	21 ± 1	24 ± 1	0.30 ± 0.01	100
+H2O2 generating system + HRP	21 ± 1	23 ± 1	26 ± 1	0.33 ± 0.01	97 ± 1
+75 µM FLU	30 ± 2^a	53 ± 1^a	66 ± 1^a	0.48 ± 0.02^a	86 ± 1^a,b
+H2O2 generating system + HRP	53 ± 2^a,b	72 ± 2^a,b	88 ± 2^a,b	0.60 ± 0.01^a,b	72 ± 1^a,b
+5 µM PTU	41 ± 2^a,b,c	56 ± 1^a,c	72 ± 1^a,b,c	0.53 ± 0.01^a,b	85 ± 1^a,c
+1 mM NAC	33 ± 2^a,c	53 ± 1^a,c	62 ± 1^a,c	0.53 ± 0.02^a,b	90 ± 1^a,b,c
+1 mM Trolox	30 ± 1^a,c	47 ± 1^a,c	53 ± 1^a,b,c	0.43 ± 0.02^a,c	93 ± 1^a,b,c
+50 μM resveratrol	31 ± 1^a,c	50 ± 1^a,c	62 ± 1^a,c	0.40 ± 0.02^a,c	90 ± 1^a,b,c
+200 μM TEMPOL	31 ± 1^a,c	52 ± 2^a,c	57 ± 2^a,b,c	0.40 ± 0.01^a,c	88 ± 1^a,b,c
+2 µM DPPD	29 ± 2^a,c	53 ± 1^a,c	61 ± 1^a,b,c	0.35 ± 0.01^c	89 ± 1^a,c

Data are presented as mean ± SEM ().
Refer to the Materials and Methods section for a description of the experiments performed and experimental conditions. LPO: lipid peroxidation; MMP: mitochondrial membrane potential; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; PTU: 6-N-propyl-2-thiouracil; NAC: N-acetylcysteine; Trolox: (±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid; resveratrol: 3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene; TEMPOL: 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl; DPPD: N,N′-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine.
Significant compared to control (only hepatocytes).
Significant compared to 75 µM FLU.
Significant compared to 75 µM FLU + H₂O₂ generating system + HRP.