Intake of Red Wine in Different Meals Modulates Oxidized LDL Level, Oxidative and Inflammatory Gene Expression in Healthy People: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Figure 1

Study design and diets. This randomized crossover study was divided into six treatment interventions (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6) each lasting 4 hours, split by three 3-week washout periods with total study period of 18 weeks. In each treatment period (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6), volunteers consumed (a) baseline (fasting); (b) fasting + 250 mL red wine (FRW); (c) Mediterranean Meal (MM); (d) MM + 250 mL red wine (MMRW); (e) McDonald’s Meal (McD); (f) McD + 250 mL red wine. The oxidative status of each volunteer was evaluated at baseline and at the end (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6) of each treatment period.