Antioxidant Bioactivity of Samsum Ant (Pachycondyla sennaarensis) Venom Protects against CCL₄-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice

Figure 2

Representative renal tissue stained with H&E. The control renal tissue shows the normal architecture of the kidney cortex showing the glomeruli (blue arrow) ((a); ×200), tubules ((b); ×400), and the normal urinary space ((c); ×1000). The histopathological changes in the CCL₄ injected mice showing oedematous glomeruli (blue arrows), a haemorrhage (thick black arrow) ((d); ×200, (e); ×400), and a narrow urinary space (thin black arrow) with a further haemorrhage (thick black arrow) ((f); ×1000). Changes in the renal tissues in the SAV treated mice (100 μg/kg) after CCL₄ injection show more normal glomeruli (blue arrows) ((g); ×200, (h); ×400) and urinary space (thin black arrow) similar to that of the control mice ((i); ×1000). Changes in the renal tissues in the SAV treated mice (300 μg/kg) after CCL₄ injection show narrow urinary spaces in glomeruli (blue arrows) ((j); ×200), haemorrhage in a dilated blood vessel ((k); ×400), and glomerulus ((l); ×1000).

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