Dual Stimulus-Dependent Effect of Oenothera paradoxa Extract on the Respiratory Burst in Human Leukocytes: Suppressing for Escherichia coli and Phorbol Myristate Acetate and Stimulating for Formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine
Table 1
The effect of ethanolic O. paradoxa extract on respiratory burst in monocytes and neutrophils stimulated with E. coli, PMA, or fMLP.
Median (range)
value
Control# (no extract)
Group A blood + extract (0.1 mg/mL)
Group B blood + extract (0.25 mg/mL)
Control versus A
Control versus B
A versus B
Monocyte
E. coli
MROS %
26.05 (5.30–68.30)
5.05 (0.20–26.50)
2.10 (0.40–8.30)
<0.001***
<0.001***
<0.001***
MFI
426 (304–693)
427.5 (250–669)
361 (233–644)
0.285
0.023*
0.036*
PMA
%
21.65 (2.80–85.00)
10.00 (0.40–47.10)
7.65 (0.20–14.70)
<0.001***
<0.001***
<0.01**
MFI
538.00 (339–893)
568.75 (347–879)
484.50 (230–952)
0.712
0.068
0.107
fMLP
%
0.3 (0.1–2.1)
0.4 (0.1–2.7)
0.6 (0.1–8.2)
<0.01**
<0.001***
0.028*
MFI
307 (241–515)
318 (234–664)
326 (233–415)
0.061
0.912
0.049*
Neutrophil
E. coli
%
87.55 (49.90–99.31)
61.50 (28.70–96.29)
52.10 (17.53–91.08)
<0.001***
<0.001***
<0.01**
MFI
894 (504–1600)
619 (397–1169)
550 (377–1098)
<0.001***
<0.001***
<0.001***
PMA
%
91.20 (46.8–99.70)
83.25 (55.8–99.30)
84.25 (47.7–98.60)
0.018*
0.035*
0.880
MFI
1178 (645–2995)
1232 (574–2594)
1233 (442–2699)
0.451
0.371
0.285
fMLP
%
3 (0.2–11.50)
3.25 (0.10–14.85)
3.95 (0.2–19.80)
0.276
0.014*
0.017*
MFI
328 (274–609)
330 (276–464)
340 (266–508)
0.118
0.545
0.314
Control (blood + PMA or E. coli or fMLP alone). % and %: percentage of monocytes and neutrophils producing ROS, respectively; MFI: mean fluorescence intensity; fMLP: -formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine; PMA: phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate. , , and as assessed by Wilcoxon’s test.
