Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Pathologies: From an Adipocentric Point of View

Figure 3

Systemic metabolic alterations associated with obesity contribute to the increase in oxidative stress. Hyperglycemia as a hallmark of type II diabetes, a metabolic complication of obesity, induces oxidative stress through activation of the polyol and hexosamine pathways, production of AGE, and increase of DAG synthesis. Excess of circulating lipids induces ROS formation pathways, which contribute to the increase in lipid oxidation and protein carbonylation. Leptin and angiotensin II, secreted at high levels by adipocytes, are inducers of ROS generation and might therefore promote inflammation and lipid peroxidation. Altogether, dysregulation of metabolic parameters occurring with fat mass expansion will contribute to inducing oxidative-stress damages notably at the vascular level.