Cardiovascular Complications of Sleep Apnea: Role of Oxidative Stress

<table>Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species produced during OSA/IH. H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>: hydrogen peroxide, IH: intermittent hypoxia, NADPH oxidase: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, NO: nitric oxide, <svg height="15.7" id="M11" style="vertical-align:-3.276pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 26.762501 15.7" width="26.762501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.55)"><path d="M381 665q131 0 226.5 -93t95.5 -239q0 -158 -96 -253t-238 -95q-137 0 -231 95t-94 238q0 142 92.5 244.5t244.5 102.5zM359 629q-89 0 -151 -74.5t-62 -208.5q0 -141 69 -233t175 -92q90 0 150.5 74t60.5 211q0 152 -69 237.5t-173 85.5z" id="x4F"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,12.763,15.637)"><path d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" id="x32"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,19.1,3.4)"><path d="M535 230h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x2212"></path></g>
</svg>: superoxide anion, OCl<sup>−</sup>: hypochlorite anion, OH<sup>−</sup>: hydroxyl anion, ONOO<sup>−</sup>: peroxynitrite, OSA: obstructive sleep apnea.</table>

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

fig1

Figure 1

Figure 1: Cardiovascular Complications of Sleep Apnea: Role of Oxidative Stress 