Cardiovascular Complications of Sleep Apnea: Role of Oxidative Stress

Table 2

Different biomarkers of oxidative stress and ROS production in rodent models of intermittent hypoxia.

Reference	Species	Hypoxia regimen	Measured marker	Result
[8]	ICR mice	8 min cycles of FIO2 8.5% and 21% for 30 days	MDA	Increased
[9]	ApoE^−/−mice	30-s cycles of FIO2 6.5%–21% 8 h/day for 4 and 12 weeks	OxLDL	Increased
[10]	C57BL/6J mice	2 min 6% O2 and 2 min 21% O2 for 8 h/day for 1, 2, and 4 weeks	TBARS	Increased
[11]	CF-1 mice	30-s cycles of FIO2 8% 8 h/day for 21 and 35 days	DNA damage	Increased
[10]	C57BL/6J mice	2 min 6% O2 and 2 min 21% O2 for 8 h/day for 1, 2, and 4 weeks	Protein carbonyls	Increased
[12]	C57BL/6J mice	30-s cycles of FIO2 4.5%–21% 8 h/day for 10 days	NADPH-dependent superoxide production	Increased
[13]	Sprague-Dawley rats	90-s cycles of FIO2 of 5%, 20 cycle/h, 7 h/day for 14 days	Qualitative measurement of superoxide anion	Increased
[14]	Sprague-Dawley rats	21% to 10% FIO2 for 5 s every 90 s for 4 weeks	SOD levels	Decreased

ApoE: apolipoprotein E, FIO2: fraction of oxygen inspired, MDA: malondialdehyde, NADPH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, OxLDL: oxidized low-density lipoprotein, SOD: superoxide dismutase, TBARS: thiobarbituric acid.