Advances in the Pathogenesis of Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 3

Table 1

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) classification.

Acute cardiorenal syndrome	CRS type 1	Abrupt worsening of cardiac function leading to acute kidney injury, for example, acute heart failure; cardiac surgery; acute coronary syndrome; contrast-induced nephropathy
Chronic cardiorenal syndrome	CRS type 2	Chronic abnormalities of cardiac function causing chronic kidney disease, for example, Ischemic Heart Disease; Hypertension; chronic heart disease; chronic heart failure
Acute renocardiac syndrome	CRS type 3	Abrupt worsening of renal function leading to acute cardiac dysfunction; Acute pulmonary edema in acute kidney injury; arrhythmia
Chronic renocardiac syndrome	CRS type 4	Chronic kidney disease leading to chronic cardiac dysfunction, for example, left ventricular hypertrophy; adverse cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease
Secondary cardiorenal syndrome	CRS type 5	Systemic disorders causing both cardiac and renal dysfunction, for example, sepsis; systemic lupus erythematosus; diabetes mellitus