Tocotrienol Rich Palm Oil Extract Is More Effective Than Pure Tocotrienols at Improving Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation in the Presence of Oxidative Stress
Table 1
The effect of tocomin, α-tocopherol (TC), and α-, δ-, and γ-tocotrienols (T3) on ACh-induced endothelium-dependent and SNP-induced endothelium-independent relaxation of rat aortae in the presence of pyrogallol-induced oxidative stress.
ACh
SNP
pEC50 (M)
(%)
pEC50 (M)
(%)
α-tocopherol
Control
5–7
−7.09 ± 0.18
95 ± 8
−8.71 ± 0.10
108 ± 7
Pyrogallol
5–7
−7.13 ± 0.18
47 ± 4#
−8.46 ± 0.14
97 ± 5
Pyrogallol + α-TC 10−4 mg/mL
5–7
−6.52 ± 0.21
47 ± 5#
−8.55 ± 0.12
94 ± 4
Pyrogallol + α-TC 10−3 mg/mL
5–7
−6.84 ± 0.12
46 ± 8#
−8.35 ± 0.28
96 ± 5
Pyrogallol + α-TC 10−2 mg/mL
5–7
−6.97 ± 0.15
70 ±
−8.57 ± 0.42
90 ± 5
α-tocotrienol
Control
3–6
−7.08 ± 0.16
86 ± 10
−8.58 ± 0.25
97 ± 3
Pyrogallol
3–6
−6.97 ± 0.15
51 ± 2#
−8.67 ± 0.25
96 ± 7
Pyrogallol + α-T3 10−3 mg/mL
3–6
−6.25 ± 0.22
47 ± 4#
−8.41 ± 0.26
105 ± 4
Pyrogallol + α-T3 10−2 mg/mL
3–6
−6.58 ± 0.16
45 ± 5#
−8.40 ± 0.09
94 ± 7
Pyrogallol + α-T3 10−1 mg/mL
3–6
−6.82 ± 0.23
58 ± 5#
−8.12 ± 0.02
105 ± 4
δ-tocotrienol
Control
3–6
−6.98 ± 0.12
80 ± 3
−8.38 ± 0.28
97 ± 4
Pyrogallol
3–6
−6.83 ± 0.45
42 ± 10#
−8.49 ± 0.20
99 ± 3
Pyrogallol + δ-T3 10−3 mg/mL
3–6
−6.74 ± 0.08
46 ± 9#
−8.73 ± 0.07
98 ± 2
Pyrogallol + δ-T3 10−2 mg/mL
3–6
−6.75 ± 0.29
43 ± 8#
−8.51 ± 0.05
95 ± 8
Pyrogallol + δ-T3 10−1 mg/mL
3–6
−6.64 ± 0.30
46 ± 8#
−8.60 ± 0.20
99 ± 2
γ-tocotrienol
Control
3–6
−6.71 ± 0.24
93 ± 4
−8.50 ± 0.80
93 ± 4
Pyrogallol
3–6
−6.51 ± 0.15
59 ± 4#
−8.45 ± 0.20
98 ± 2
Pyrogallol + γ-T3 10−3 mg/mL
3–6
−6.16 ± 0.17
53 ± 4#
−8.34 ± 0.12
103 ± 1
Pyrogallol + γ-T3 10−2 mg/mL
3–6
−6.71 ± 0.27
55 ± 7#
−8.59 ± 0.15
95 ± 4
Pyrogallol + γ-T3 10−1 mg/mL
3–6
−6.65 ± 0.22
67 ± 1#
−8.68 ± 0.25
97 ± 1
Tocomin
Control
5–7
−7.19 ± 0.08
92 ± 3
−8.69 ± 0.18
97 ± 4
Pyrogallol
5–7
−7.06 ± 0.13
58 ± 5#
−8.25 ± 0.05
99 ± 2
Pyrogallol + tocomin 10−6 mg/mL
5–7
−6.84 ± 0.14
63 ± 6#
−8.14 ± 0.24
100 ± 7
Pyrogallol + tocomin 10−5 mg/mL
5–7
−6.94 ± 0.13
69 ± 5#
−8.23 ± 0.18
103 ± 4
Pyrogallol + tocomin 10−4 mg/mL
5–7
−6.70 ± 0.20
81 ±
−8.17 ± 0.14
99 ± 2
Significantly different to control . Significantly different to pyrogallol . Sidak’s multiple comparison test.
