Polyphenols as Modulators of Aquaporin Family in Health and Disease

Table 1

Involvement of AQP isoforms and polyphenols in some pathologies.

Pathology	AQP isoform involved	Active polyphenol	Action	Observed effects	References
Brain edema	AQP4	Curcumin	Downregulation of AQP4 expression	Reduced neuroinflammation and neurological injury	[33–35]
Traumatic brain injury	AQP4	Curcumin	AQP4 inhibition	Reduced cerebral edema	[36]
Spinal cord injury	AQP4	Curcumin	Inhibition of AQP4 overexpression	Improvement of motor dysfunction and attenuation of spinal cord edema	[37]
Spinal cord injury	AQP4	Epigallocatechin gallate	Downregulation of AQP4 expression	Improvement of locomotor function and reduction of spinal cord edema	[38]
Focal cerebral ischemia	AQP4	Pinocembrin	Reduced AQP4 expression	Reduced neuronal apoptosis and astrocytic end-feet edema	[39]
Brain injury	AQP1	Curcumin	Reduced AQP1 expression	Reduction of intracranial pressure	[40]
Lupus erythematosus	AQP4	Curcumin	Increased AQP4 expression	Worsening of brain atrophy and increase of the edematous cell size	[41]
Diabetic retinopathy	AQP4	Quercetin and hesperetin	Downregulation of AQP4 expression	Neuroprotection, prevention of retinal edema, restoring of GSH normal levels, and improvement of antioxidant enzyme activities	[42–44]
Skin disorders	AQP3	Resveratrol	Reduced AQP3 expression	Inhibition of keratinocyte proliferation	[45]
UV-produced skin damage	AQP3	Chrysin	Inhibition of AQP3 downregulation	Protection of keratinocytes against apoptosis and ROS overproduction	[46]
Obesity	AQP7	Apple polyphenols	Increased AQP7 expression	Inhibition of adipocyte hypertrophy	[47]