Heterogeneity of Systemic Oxidative Stress Profiles in COPD: A Potential Role of Gender

Table 3

Systemic OS levels in clusters of COPD patients.

	Cluster 1	Cluster 2	Cluster 3	Cluster 4	interact.
Vitamin C (µg/mL)	11.8 ± 4.0	8.8 ± 3.1	14.0 ± 3.1	5.2 ± 2.7	<0.001
Vitamin E (mg/L)	13.7 ± 2.9	14.5 ± 4.3	15.5 ± 3.6	14.4 ± 2.9	0.698
Vit. C/vit. E	0.86 ± 0.28	0.65 ± 0.26	0.91 ± 0.14	0.36 ± 0.16	<0.001
Selenium (µg/mL)	92.3 ± 14.3	87.1 ± 13.9	91.7 ± 13.0	87.1 ± 17.6	0.744
Copper (mg/mL)	0.95 ± 0.16	1.06 ± 0.12	1.33 ± 0.26	1.34 ± 0.19	<0.001
Zinc (mg/mL)	0.82 ± 0.13	0.77 ± 0.09	0.74 ± 0.07	0.87 ± 0.20	0.161
Copper/zinc ratio	1.19 ± 0.25	1.38 ± 0.21	1.81 ± 0.44	1.60 ± 0.2	<0.001
GSH (µmol/L)	945 ± 174	975 ± 150	978 ± 166	788 ± 153	0.096
GSSG (µmol/L)	1.66 ± 0.97	11.84 ± 7.50	2.84 ± 0.80	1.15 ± 0.23	<0.001
GSH/GSSG	694 ± 279	135 ± 113	363 ± 99	712 ± 213	<0.001
GPx (UI/gHb)	47.8 ± 12.5	48.2 ± 13.9	51.1 ± 8.4	38.5 ± 7.9	0.265
SOD (UI/gHb)	1247 ± 260	1366 ± 332	1466 ± 311	1097 ± 222	0.219
Lipid peroxidation (µmol/L)	402 ± 158	570 ± 179	777 ± 253	904 ± 214	<0.001
LDL ox (UI/L)	172 ± 219	71 ± 57	98 ± 70	94 ± 99	0.188

Results are expressed in mean ± SD. versus cluster 4; versus cluster 3; versus cluster 1. W = women; M = men; GSH = reduced glutathione; GSSG = oxidized glutathione; SOD = superoxide dismutase; GPx = peroxidase glutathione; LDL = oxidized low-density lipoproteins.