Review Article
Sleep Deprivation and Oxidative Stress in Animal Models: A Systematic Review
Table 5
Oxidative stress in brain regions during total sleep deprivation in rats.
| | Author | Sleep deprivation protocol | Method | Animal specie | Deprivation time | Brain regions with oxidative changes | GSH | GSSG | GSH/GSSG ratio | GPx | Catalase | SOD | Nitrites | NO | Lipid oxidation |
| |
Melgarejo-Gutiérrez et al. (2013) [29] | TSD | Handling with EEG monitoring | Male Wistar rats | 24 hrs | Hippocampus | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes ↓ |
| | Hirotsu et al. (2013) [30] | TSD | Handling | Male Wistar Hanover rats | 6 hrs | Frontal cortex | No | No | No | No | Yes — | Yes — | No | Yes — | No |
| |
Ramanathan and Siegel (2011) [36] |
TSD |
Handling |
Male Sprague Dawley rats |
6 hrs | Hippocampus | Yes — | No | No | No | No | Yes — | No | Yes ↑ | Yes ↓ | | Cerebellum, brainstem, & neocortex | Yes ↑ | No | No | No | No | Yes — | No | Yes — | Yes — |
| |
Ramanathan et al. (2010) [38] |
TSD |
Handling |
Male Sprague Dawley rats |
6 hrs | Cortex, brainstem, and basal forebrain | Yes ↑ | No | No | Yes — | No | Yes — | No | No | No | | Cerebellum & hippocampus | Yes — | No | No | Yes ↑ | No | Yes — | No | No | No |
| | Kalinchuk et al. (2010) [39] | TSD | Handling with EEG monitoring | Male Wistar rats | 6 hrs | Basal forebrain | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes ↑ | No |
| | Gopalakrishnan et al. (2004) [53] | TSD | Handling and DOW, both with EEG monitoring | Male Wistar Kyoto rats | ST: 8 hrs LT: 3–14 days | Cerebral cortex | No | No | No | No | No | Yes — | No | No | Yes — |
| | Hsu et al. (2003) [54] | TSD | DOW | Sprague Dawley rats | 5 days | Hippocampus | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes ↓ | No |
| |
Ramanathan et al. (2002) [55] |
TSD |
DOW with EEG monitoring |
Male Sprague Dawley rats |
5–11 days | Hippocampus | No | No | No | Yes — | No | Yes ↓ | No | No | No | | Cortex, cerebellum hypothalamus, & brainstem | No | No | No | Yes — | No | Yes — | No | No | No |
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Catalase: CAT, disc over water: DOW, electroencephalogram: EEG, glutathione: GSH, oxidized glutathione: GSSG, glutathione peroxidase: GPx, grid over water: GOW, hours: hrs, long term: LT, nitric oxide: NO, short term: ST, superoxide dismutase: SOD, total sleep deprivation: TSD, ↓: significantly reduced, ↑: significantly increased, and —: not significantly increased or decreased.
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