Inhibition of Adenylyl Cyclase Type 5 Increases Longevity and Healthful Aging through Oxidative Stress Protection

Figure 1

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. During the aging process, ROS accumulation and DNA mutation in mitochondria induce oxidative stress, which results in the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) opening and electron transport chain deficiency, thereby leading to cell dysfunction and cell death. Inhibition of AC5 activates SIRT1/FoxO3a and Raf/MEK/ERK pathways, and both pathways upregulate the antioxidant, MnSOD, resulting in resistance to oxidative stress during aging.