Polyphenol Stilbenes: Molecular Mechanisms of Defence against Oxidative Stress and Aging-Related Diseases

Table 2

Selected Nrf2 target gene candidates in human associated with defence against oxidative stress and age-related diseases.

Target gene	Function/role in defence against oxidative stress	Reference
Nrf2	Transcription factor, activator of detoxifying enzymes (autoregulation)	[73]
AhR	Regulator of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes	[74]
HO-1	Cytoprotection, catabolize heme	[75]
GSTP1	Antioxidant enzyme, xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme	[76]
NQO1	Antioxidant enzyme, xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme	[77–79]
CBR3	Metabolizing enzyme of carbonyl compounds	[80]
UGT1A8, A10	Glucuronidation of xenobiotics	[81]
GCS	Glutathione biosynthesis	[82]
TRX	Antioxidant enzyme, protein redox regulation	[83]
SLC7A11	Transports cysteine, a precursor of antioxidant glutathione	[52, 84]
SLC48A1	Heme transporter	[85]
AMBP	Heme binding, free radical scavenger	[72]
		[85]
ABCB6	Mitochondrial porphyrin (heme) transporter	[85]
FECH	Heme biosynthesis, chelates ferrous iron	[72, 85]
TBXAS1	Thromboxane A2 synthesis (cytochrome P450 family)	[85]
IL-6	Inflammation, proinflammatory cytokine	[52, 86]
Bcl-2	Antiapoptotic protein	[87]
p62	Adaptor protein, proteasomal clearance, autophagy	[52, 66]

ABCB6: ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 6, AhR: aryl hydrocarbon receptor, AMBP: 1-microglobulin/bikunin, Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2 protein, CBR3: carbonyl reductase 3, FECH: ferrochelatase, GCS: -glutamylcysteine synthetase, GSTP1: glutathione S-transferase pi, HO-1: heme oxygenase-1, IL-6: interleukin-6, NQO1: NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1, Nrf2: nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor-2, p62: sequestosome 1, SLC7A11: solute carrier family 7, member 11, SLC48A1: solute carrier family 48, member 1, TBXAS1: thromboxane A synthase 1, TRX: thioredoxin, and UGTs: UDP-glucuronosyltransferases.