Long Term Exposure to Polyphenols of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) Exerts Induction of Senescence Driven Growth Arrest in the MDA-MB231 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line

Figure 2

Chronic treatment of AEs induces cell senescence. MDA-MB231 cells were treated with low doses of AEs (10 and 30 μM) for 10 days and then analyzed for the SA-β-gal, senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. The image shown is representative of at least three independent experiments. Scale bar: 50 μm. The senescent cells versus total cells were counted in random fields under an inverted microscope (20x) and the following data are the mean ± SD: C = , 10 μM AEs = , , 30 μM AEs = , . Significant statistical differences are indicated by asterisks. Boxed area, regarding blue cells with a typical senescent flattened and enlarged morphology, is magnified (2x).