Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Copyright © 2015 Anna Montesano et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Linked References

1. S. M. Nabavi, M. Daglia, A. H. Moghaddam, S. F. Nabavi, and V. Curti, “Tea consumption and risk of ischemic stroke: a brief review of the literature,” Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 298–303, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
2. M. Daglia, A. di Lorenzo, S. F. Nabavi, Z. S. Talas, and S. M. Nabavi, “Polyphenols: well beyond the antioxidant capacity: gallic acid and related compounds as neuroprotective agents: you are what you eat!,” Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 362–372, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
3. A. García-Lafuente, C. Moro, N. Manchón et al., “In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of phenolic rich extracts from white and red common beans,” Food Chemistry, vol. 161, pp. 216–223, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
4. P. Flachs, M. Rossmeisl, and J. Kopecky, “The effect of n-3 fatty acids on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity,” Physiological Research, vol. 63, pp. S93–S118, 2014. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
5. A. Aartsma-Rus, G. J. van Ommen, and J. Kaplan, “Innovating therapies for muscle diseases,” in Handbook of Clinical Neurology, vol. 113, pp. 1497–1501, North-Holland Publisher, 2013. View at Google Scholar
6. F. Landi, E. Marzetti, A. M. Martone, R. Bernabei, and G. Onder, “Exercise as a remedy for sarcopenia,” Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 25–31, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
7. G. D'Antona, S. M. Nabavi, P. Micheletti et al., “Creatine, L-carnitine, and $\omega$3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation from healthy to diseased skeletal muscle,” BioMed Research International, vol. 2014, Article ID 613890, 16 pages, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
8. M. Wyss and R. Kaddurah-Daouk, “Creatine and creatinine metabolism,” Physiological Reviews, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 1107–1213, 2000. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
9. A. Huang and K. Owen, “Role of supplementary L-carnitine in exercise and exercise recovery,” Medicine and Sport Science, vol. 59, pp. 135–142, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
10. A. Dutta, K. Ray, V. K. Singh, P. Vats, S. N. Singh, and S. B. Singh, “L-carnitine supplementation attenuates intermittent hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and delays muscle fatigue in rats,” Experimental Physiology, vol. 93, no. 10, pp. 1139–1146, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
11. R. Ringseis, J. Keller, and K. Eder, “Mechanisms underlying the anti-wasting effect of L-carnitine supplementation under pathologic conditions: evidence from experimental and clinical studies,” European Journal of Nutrition, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 1421–1442, 2013. View at Google Scholar
12. J. Yu, J. Ye, X. Liu, Y. Han, and C. Wang, “Protective effect of L-carnitine against H₂O₂-induced neurotoxicity in neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells,” Neurological Research, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 708–716, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
13. M. L. Johnson, M. M. Robinson, and S. K. Nair, “Skeletal muscle aging and the mitochondrion,” Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 247–256, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
14. J. G. Tidball, “Mechanisms of muscle injury, repair, and regeneration,” Comprehensive Physiology, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 2029–2062, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
15. A. Montesano, L. Luzi, P. Senesi, and I. Terruzzi, “Modulation of cell cycle progression by 5-azacytidine is associated with early myogenesis induction in murine myoblasts,” International Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 391–402, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
16. P. Senesi, L. Luzi, A. Montesano, N. Mazzocchi, and I. Terruzzi, “Betaine supplement enhances skeletal muscle differentiation in murine myoblasts via IGF-1 signaling activation,” Journal of Translational Medicine, vol. 11, article 174, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
17. A. Montesano, L. Luzi, P. Senesi, N. Mazzocchi, and I. Terruzzi, “Resveratrol promotes myogenesis and hypertrophy in murine myoblasts,” Journal of Translational Medicine, vol. 11, no. 1, article 310, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
18. P. Senesi, L. Luzi, A. Montesano, and I. Terruzzi, “DNA demethylation enhances myoblasts hypertrophy during the late phase of myogenesis activating the IGF-I pathway,” Endocrine, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 244–254, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
19. I. Terruzzi, P. Senesi, C. Magni et al., “Insulin-mimetic action of conglutin-γ, a lupin seed protein, in mouse myoblasts,” Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 197–205, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
20. R. L. Perry and M. A. Rudnick, “Molecular mechanisms regulating myogenic determination and differentiation,” Frontiers in Bioscience, vol. 5, pp. D750–D767, 2000. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
21. H.-H. Arnold and B. Winter, “Muscle differentiation: more complexity to the network of myogenic regulators,” Current Opinion in Genetics and Development, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 539–544, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
22. J. D. R. Knight and R. Kothary, “The myogenic kinome: protein kinases critical to mammalian skeletal myogenesis,” Skeletal Muscle, vol. 1, no. 1, article 29, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
23. D. J. Glass, “Signalling pathways that mediate skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy,” Nature Cell Biology, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 87–90, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
24. S. C. Bodine, T. N. Stitt, M. Gonzalez et al., “Akt/mTOR pathway is a crucial regulator of skeletal muscle hypertrophy and can prevent muscle atrophy in vivo,” Nature Cell Biology, vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 1014–1019, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
25. C. Rommel, S. C. Bodine, B. A. Clarke et al., “Mediation of IGF-1-induced skeletal myotube hypertrophy by Pl(3)K/Alt/mTOR and Pl(3)K/Akt/GSK3 pathways,” Nature Cell Biology, vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 1009–1013, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
26. J. Li and S. E. Johnson, “ERK2 is required for efficient terminal differentiation of skeletal myoblasts,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 345, no. 4, pp. 1425–1433, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
27. J. M. Flynn and S. Melovn, “SOD2 in mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration,” Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol. 62, pp. 4–12, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
28. M. L. Joiner, O. M. Koval, J. Li et al., “CaMKII determines mitochondrial stress responses in heart,” Nature, vol. 491, no. 7423, pp. 269–273, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
29. J. Pekala, B. Patkowska-Sokoła, R. Bodkowski et al., “L-carnitine—metabolic functions and meaning in humans life,” Current Drug Metabolism, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 667–678, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
30. K. Kita, S. Kato, M. A. Yaman, J. Okumura, and H. Yokota, “Dietary L-carnitine increases plasma insulin-like growth factor-I concentration in chicks fed a diet with adequate dietary protein level,” British Poultry Science, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 117–121, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
31. J. Doberenz, C. Birkenfeld, H. Kluge, and K. Eder, “Effects of L-carnitine supplementation in pregnant sows on plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factors, various hormones and metabolites and chorion characteristics,” Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, vol. 90, no. 11-12, pp. 487–499, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
32. K. R. Brown, R. D. Goodband, M. D. Tokach et al., “Effects of feeding L-carnitine to gilts through day 70 of gestation on litter traits and the expression of insulin-like growth factor system components and L-carnitine concentration in foetal tissues,” Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, vol. 92, no. 6, pp. 660–667, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
33. J. Keller, R. Ringseis, and K. Eder, “Supplemental carnitine affects the microRNA expression profile in skeletal muscle of obese Zucker rats,” BMC Genomics, vol. 15, article 512, 2014. View at Google Scholar
34. J. Keller, A. Couturier, M. Haferkamp, E. Most, and K. Eder, “Supplementation of carnitine leads to an activation of the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway and down regulates the E3 ligase MuRF1 in skeletal muscle of rats,” Nutrition and Metabolism, vol. 10, no. 1, article 28, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
35. V. C. Foletta, L. J. White, A. E. Larsen, B. Léger, and A. P. Russell, “The role and regulation of MAFbx/atrogin-1 and MuRF1 in skeletal muscle atrophy,” Pflugers Archiv, vol. 461, no. 3, pp. 325–335, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
36. S. K. Powers, A. N. Kavazis, and J. M. McClung, “Oxidative stress and disuse muscle atrophy,” Journal of Applied Physiology, vol. 102, no. 6, pp. 2389–2397, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
37. J. P. Gumucio and C. L. Mendias, “Atrogin-1, MuRF-1, and sarcopenia,” Endocrine, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 12–21, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
38. J. Keller, R. Ringseis, A. Koc, I. Lukas, H. Kluge, and K. Eder, “Supplementation with l-carnitine downregulates genes of the ubiquitin proteasome system in the skeletal muscle and liver of piglets,” Animal, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 70–78, 2012. View at Google Scholar
39. J. Keller, R. Ringseis, S. Priebe, R. Guthke, H. Kluge, and K. Eder, “Dietary L-carnitine alters gene expression in skeletal muscle of piglets,” Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 419–429, 2011. View at Google Scholar
40. S. Busquets, R. Serpe, M. Toledo et al., “L-carnitine: an adequate supplement for a multi-targeted anti-wasting therapy in cancer,” Clinical Nutrition, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 889–895, 2012. View at Google Scholar
41. R. A. Fielding, B. Vellas, W. J. Evans et al., “Sarcopenia: an undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia,” Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 249–256, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
42. S. C. Forbes, J. P. Little, and D. G. Candow, “Exercise and nutritional interventions for improving aging muscle health,” Endocrine, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 29–38, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
43. S. Benedini, G. Perseghin, I. Terruzzi et al., “Effect of L-acetylcarnitine on body composition in HIV-related lipodystrophy,” Hormone and Metabolic Research, vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 840–845, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
44. A. Couturier, R. Ringseis, F. C. Mooren, K. Krüger, E. Most, and K. Eder, “Correction: carnitine supplementation to obese Zucker rats prevents obesity-induced type I to type II muscle fiber transition and favors an oxidative phenotype of skeletal muscle,” Nutrition and Metabolism, vol. 11, no. 1, article 16, 2014. View at Google Scholar
45. B. Chang, M. Nishikawa, E. Sato, K. Utsumi, and M. Inoue, “L-carnitine inhibits cisplatin-induced injury of the kidney and small intestine,” Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol. 405, no. 1, pp. 55–64, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
46. I. Gülçin, “Antioxidant and antiradical activities of L-carnitine,” Life Sciences, vol. 78, no. 8, pp. 803–811, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
47. E. J. Anderson, M. E. Lustig, K. E. Boyle et al., “Mitochondrial H₂O₂ emission and cellular redox state link excess fat intake to insulin resistance in both rodents and humans,” The Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 119, no. 3, pp. 573–581, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
48. L. I. Rachek, “Free fatty acids and skeletal muscle insulin resistance,” Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, vol. 121, pp. 267–292, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus