Dietary Supplementation with the Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria (Rhodophyta) Reduces Prolonged Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Tissues

Figure 2

Effect of prolonged exercise and G. sulphuraria treatment on the oxidative damage of liver, heart, and skeletal muscle, homogenates, and mitochondria. Values are mean ± S.E.M. For each value eight rats were used. Lipid hydroperoxides (HPS) are expressed as pmol NADPH min⁻¹ per g of tissue or mg of mitochondrial protein. Protein-bound carbonyls (CO) are expressed as nmol/mg protein. S: sedentary untreated rats; SG: sedentary G. sulphuraria treated rats; E: exercised untreated rats; EG: exercised G. sulphuraria treated rats. Significant difference for exercised rats versus respective sedentary controls; significant difference for G. sulphuraria treated animals versus respective untreated controls. The level of significance was chosen as .