Dietary Supplementation with the Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria (Rhodophyta) Reduces Prolonged Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Tissues

Figure 4

Effect of prolonged exercise and G. sulphuraria treatment on the rates of O₂ consumption of liver, heart, and skeletal muscle, homogenates, and mitochondria, in the presence of Complex I substrates (pyruvate/malate). Values are mean ± S.E.M. For each value eight rats were used. Oxygen consumption is expressed in μmol O min⁻¹ per g of tissue and nmol O min⁻¹ per milligram mitochondrial protein. Rates of O₂ consumption were measured in the absence (State 4) and in the presence (State 3) of ADP. S: sedentary untreated rats; SG: sedentary G. sulphuraria treated rats; E: exercised untreated rats; EG: exercised G. sulphuraria treated rats. Significant difference for exercised rats versus respective sedentary controls; significant difference for G. sulphuraria treated animals versus respective untreated controls. The level of significance was chosen as .