Dietary Tocotrienol/γ-Cyclodextrin Complex Increases Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and ATP Concentrations in the Brains of Aged Mice

Figure 3

Effect of tocotrienol/γ-cyclodextrin supplementation on the mRNA levels of Sod2, Hmox1, Gclm, Gpx4, and Cat, proteasomal activity, and the BACE1 protein levels in mouse brain. Relative mRNA levels of (a) Sod2, (b) Hmox1, (c) Gclm, (d) Gpx4, and (e) Cat were determined by qRT-PCR and were related to the mean of the housekeeping gene expression. (f) Proteasomal activity was measured in the brain tissue by releasing the initially quenched fluorescence signal of the substrate through cleavage by the specific proteasome site. (g) BACE1 protein levels were determined by Western blotting and subsequent densitometric analysis of target bands. Target protein expression was related to the total protein fluorescence transferred to the PVDF membrane. Representative blots from one of 5–8 animals per group are shown. Values are the means + SEM from 5 to 8 animals per group.

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