Research Article
Effects of Polyphenols from Grape Seeds on Renal Lithiasis
Table 1
Kidney content of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus.
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Values represent mean ± SEM of eight animals per group. (CTR): control with no pretreatment, (EPI): epicatechin pretreatment, (RGS): red grape seed extract pretreatment, (WGS): white grape seed extract pretreatment, and (EG): ethylene glycol/NH4Cl treatment. *Values significantly different to the respective pretreated groups, P < 0.05; avalues significantly different to CTR, P < 0.05. |