New Insights for Oxidative Stress and Diabetes Mellitus

Figure 1

Oxidative stress in Diabetes Mellitus impacts pathways of stem cell proliferation, programmed cell death, and cellular energy homeostasis. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) leads to the development of oxidative stress and the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Novel proliferative pathways for targeting new treatments against DM and the complications of this disorder are the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (S. cerevisiae) (SIRT1), and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1). Each of these pathways is intimately connected through shared signal transduction mechanisms that can oversee stem cell proliferation, programmed cell death that involves apoptosis and autophagy, and cellular energy homeostasis that can affect mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity.