A Genetic Biomarker of Oxidative Stress, the Paraoxonase-1 Q192R Gene Variant, Associates with Cardiomyopathy in CKD: A Longitudinal Study

Table 1

Main demographic and clinical characteristic of the study population grouped according to Q192R polymorphism.

	Q192R polymorphism
	Whole group ()	QQ; ()	QR; ()	RR; ()	P
Age (years)	65 ± 12	64 ± 12	65 ± 13	67 ± 11	0.18
Male sex, n (%)	103 (50)	51 (46.4)	43 (51.8)	9 (69.2)	0.14
Diabetes, n (%)	64 (31)	36 (33)	26 (31)	2 (15)	0.34
Smokers, n (%)	33 (16)	20 (18.2)	12 (14.5)	1 (7.7)	0.28
Cardiovascular comorbidities, n (%)	55 (27)	28 (25)	23 (28)	4 (31)	0.63
BMI (kg/m^2)	29.3 ± 5.3	29.3 ± 5.1	29.4 ± 5.6	28.3 ± 4.6	0.75
Systolic BP (mmHg)	141 ± 19	141 ± 18	139 ± 18	145 ± 25	0.82
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	81 ± 10	81 ± 11	81 ± 10	79 ± 13	0.81
On antihypertensive therapy, n (%)	188 (91)	100 (91)	75 (90)	13 (100)	0.41
On statin therapy, n (%)	74 (36)	41 (37)	29 (35)	4 (31)	0.61
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	214 ± 45	215 ± 45	214 ± 45	208 ± 49	0.74
HDL (mg/dL)	52 ± 13	54 ± 14	51 ± 11	51 ± 12	0.09
LDL (mg/dL)	129 ± 36	129 ± 36	130 ± 37	123 ± 36	0.83
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	143 (101–193)	132 (98–194)	150 (108–193)	127 (112–222)	0.51
Glucose (mg/dL)	116 ± 48	115 ± 41	120 ± 58	110 ± 33	0.82
Haemoglobin (g/dL)	13.3 ± 1.6	13.3 ± 1.6	13.3 ± 1.7	13.0 ± 1.4	0.65
Albumin (g/dL)	4.2 ± 0.3	4.2 ± 0.3	4.2 ± 0.4	4.3 ± 0.3	0.87
Calcium (mg/dL)	9.4 ± 0.6	9.4 ± 0.6	9.4 ± 0.6	9.4 ± 0.6	0.99
Phosphate (mg/dL)	3.4 ± 0.7	3.4 ± 0.6	3.4 ± 0.7	3.6 ± 0.8	0.84
Parathormone (pg/mL)	72 (47–115)	71 (45–113)	73 (45–117)	103 (61–131)	0.27
CRP (mg/L)	2.0 (0.9–5.0)	2.0 (0.9–5.0)	2.0 (0.8–4.6)	1.5 (0.2–4.0)	0.39
eGFR MDRD186 (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	54 ± 30	57 ± 30	52 ± 30	45 ± 25	0.09
Urine protein (mg/24 h)	270 (130–1080)	295 (127–1119)	273 (140–972)	195 (124–2091)	0.89

Data are expressed as mean ± SD, median and interquartile range, or percent frequency, as appropriate.