Effect of High-Intensity Training in Normobaric Hypoxia on Thoroughbred Skeletal Muscle

Figure 5

(a–f) Time-course changes in mRNA expression of Pax7 (a), MyoD (b), myogenin (c), VEGF-A (d), KDR (e), and PGC-1α (f) in pretest of control (Nor Con: normoxic control, light red; Hypo Con: hypoxic control, light blue) and posttest (Nor Tr: normoxic training, red; Hypo Tr: hypoxic training, blue) after normoxic or hypoxic training. Measurements were performed before (pre) and immediately (post) and 4 hours (4 h), 24 hours (24 h), 3 days (3 d), and 7 days (7 d) after the incremental exercise test. Values of mRNA expression were calculated as x-fold change from pretest of each control. ^†Significant difference versus pretest (). Values are mean ± SEM. difference versus normoxia training group (). (g–l) Time-course changes in mRNA expression of ANGPT1 (g), HIF-1α (h), HGF (i), FGF-2 (j), IGF-1 (k), and IL-6 (l) in pretest of control (Nor Con: normoxic control, light red; Hypo Con: hypoxic control, light blue) and posttest (Nor Tr: normoxic training, red; Hypo Tr: hypoxic training, blue) after normoxic or hypoxic training. Measurements were performed before (pre) and immediately (post) and 4 hours (4 h), 24 hours (24 h), 3 days (3 d), and 7 days (7 d) after the incremental exercise test. Values of mRNA expression were calculated as x-fold change from pretest of each control. ^†Significant difference versus pretest (). Values are mean ± SEM. difference versus normoxic training group ().

(a) Pax7

(b) MyoD

(c) Myogenin

(d) VEGF-A

(e) KDR

(f) PGC-1α

(g) ANGPT1

(h) HIF-1α

(i) HGF

(j) FGF-2

(k) IGF-1

(l) IL-6