Serum from Varicose Patients Induces Senescence-Related Dysfunction of Vascular Endothelium Generating Local and Systemic Proinflammatory Conditions

Figure 4

Concentration of proinflammatory agents in conditioned medium generated by young and senescent endothelial cells subjected to serum from the healthy volunteers (HV) and from the patients with varicose veins (VV). Endothelial cells were subjected to 20% serum for 72 h and then they were washed and exposed for next 72 h to serum-free medium to generate conditioned medium in which proinflammatory agents were measured. Results (expressed as means ± SEM) derive from experiments performed with sera from 24 individuals per group. Single asterisks indicate significant differences as compared with young endothelial cells. Double asterisks indicate significant differences as compared with HV.

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