An Explanation of the Underlying Mechanisms for the In Vitro and In Vivo Antiurolithic Activity of Glechoma longituba

Table 1

Effect of Glechoma longituba extracts on OS parameters of HK-2 cells ().

Parameter (units)	Normal	CaOx	CaOx + KCit	CaOx + 0.5	CaOx + 1.0	CaOx + 2.0	CaOx + 4.0
CAT (NU/mL)
SOD (NU/mL)
MDA (nmol/mL)

Normal: HK-2 cells were treated with medium only. CaOx: the cells were incubated with CaOx crystals (67 μg/cm²) for 24 hours to establish a cell model. CaOx + KCit: approximately 1 hour prior to CaOx exposure, cells were treated with 1.0 mg/mL potassium citrate (positive control). CaOx + 0.5, CaOx + 1.0, CaOx + 2.0, and CaOx + 4.0: approximately 1 hour prior to CaOx exposure, cells were treated with four different concentrations of Glechoma longituba (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0 mg/mL, resp.). Values are expressed as means ± SD. ( compared with normal group; compared with CaOx group; compared with CaOx + KCit group; and compared with CaOx + 0.5 group, ).