Autistic-Like Behaviors, Oxidative Stress Status, and Histopathological Changes in Cerebellum of Valproic Acid Rat Model of Autism Are Improved by the Combined Extract of Purple Rice and Silkworm Pupae

Table 2

Effect of AP1 on the oxidative stress markers, including the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. value < 0.05, compared to the control group. value < 0.001, compared to the control group. value < 0.05, value < 0.005, and value < 0.001, compared to the VPA-treated group that received the vehicle.

Treatment	Cerebellum
	CAT; (units/mg protein)	SOD; (units/mg protein)	GSH-Px; (units/mg protein)	MDA; (nmol/mg protein)
Control	0.53 ± 0.03	6.78 ± 0.36	15.39 ± 1.42	0.01 ± 0.02
VPA alone	0.28 ± 0.01	2.49 ± 0.27	8.42 ± 1.01	0.07 ± 0.01
VPA + vehicle	0.30 ± 0.03	2.46 ± 0.32	8.60 ± 1.50	0.07 ± 0.01
VPA + AP1; 50 mg⋅kg^−1 BW	0.32 ± 0.02	3.67 ± 0.57	10.29 ± 2.93	0.04 ± 0.01
VPA + AP1; 100 mg⋅kg^−1 BW	0.50 ± 0.04	6.65 ± 0.49	14.91 ± 2.06	0.02 ± 0.01
VPA + AP1; 200 mg⋅kg^−1 BW	0.46 ± 0.02	8.50 ± 1.8	15.82 ± 1.37	0.01 ± 0.00