|
| Reference | Subject population | EPC assay | Finding |
|
| Heiss et al., 2005 [103] | 20 young (~25 yr) men
20 old (~61 yr) men | CD34+VEGFR2+, CD133+VEGFR2+ cells (FC)
EPC CFU
EPC migration | (i) No difference in EPC number between age groups
(ii) Reduced EPC migration and proliferation in old versus young men |
|
| Thijssen et al., 2006 [104] | 16 young (19–28 yr) men
8 old (67–76 yr) men | CD34+VEGFR2+ cells (FC) | EPC reduced in old versus young men |
|
| Hoetzer et al., 2007 [105] | 10 young (22–35 yr) men
15 middle-aged (36–55 yr) men
21 old (56–74 yr) men | EPC CFU
EPC migration | (i) Reduced proliferation in middle-aged and older versus young men
(ii) Reduced migration in old versus middle-aged and young men |
|
| Thum et al., 2007 [106] | 10 young (23–31 yr) men
16 middle-aged (50–69 yr) men
12 old (~74 yr) men. | CD133+VEGFR2+ cells (FC)
EPC migration
eNOS content of EPC | EPC numbers, migration, and eNOS content reduced in old versus young and middle-aged versus young men |
|
| Kushner et al., 2009 [107] | 12 young (21–34 yr), 12 middle-aged (43–55 yr), and 16 old (57–68 yr) men | Telomere length of isolated EPCs | EPC telomere length significantly reduced in older versus middle-aged and young men |
|
| Kushner et al., 2010 [108] | 17 young (21–34 yr) men
20 old (56–70 yr) men | EPC release of proangiogenic factors: G-CSF, VEGF, IL-8, and IL-17 | EPC release of G-CSF impaired in old versus young men |
|
| Xia et al., 2012 [97, 98] | 10 young (~27 yr) men
10 old (~68 yr) men
25 young (~26 yr) men
22 old (~68 yr) men | CD34+VEGFR2+ cells (FC)
Mouse model of carotid injury and infusion of EPCs from young or old men.
As above +
EPC migration
EPC adhesion assay | (i) EPC numbers reduced in old versus young men
(ii) Reduced endothelial repair capacity in mouse model in old versus young men
(iii) Reduced CXCR4:JAK-2 signalling in old versus young men
(iv) EPC adhesion to endothelial monolayer impaired in old versus young men
(v) Reduced EPC migration in old versus young men |
|
| Williamson et al., 2013 [109] | 4 young (20–30 yr) individuals
4 old (50–70 yr) individuals | EPC CFU
EPC migration | (i) No difference in proliferation between young and old individuals
(ii) Reduced migration in old versus young individuals |
|
| Yang et al., 2013 [110] | 20 young (21–33 yr) men
20 old (59–72 yr) men | CD34+VEGFR2+ cells (FC)
EPC migration | Reduced number and migration of EPCs in sedentary old versus sedentary and endurance trained young, no difference in endurance trained old versus young men |
|
