Research Article
Macroautophagy and Selective Mitophagy Ameliorate Chondrogenic Differentiation Potential in Adipose Stem Cells of Equine Metabolic Syndrome: New Findings in the Field of Progenitor Cells Differentiation
Figure 4
Mitochondria condition and clearance in ASCCTRL and ASCEMS. Representative photographs showing the results of DAPI, MitoRed, and anti-LAMP2 stainings. Interestingly, although LAMP2 expression was increased in ASCEMS, clearance of mitochondria in those cells seems to be reduced as we observed decreased number of mitochondria fused with lysosomes in comparison to control group (a). Flow cytometry analysis confirmed increased expression of LAMP2 in ASCEMS (b). Mitochondria deterioration was confirmed with flow cytometry using JC1 test, as we observed decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in ASCEMS (c). Moreover, the antioxidative protection coming from mitochondrial MnSOD was reduced (d) as established with qRT-PCR. The mir-140 transported via MVs was increased in ASCEMS (e) which correlates with increased expression of MFN. The serum level of FGF21, characteristic of obesity and diabetes, was upregulated in ASCEMS (f). Results are expressed as mean ± SD. , , and . Scale bars: 10 μm.
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