Macroautophagy and Selective Mitophagy Ameliorate Chondrogenic Differentiation Potential in Adipose Stem Cells of Equine Metabolic Syndrome: New Findings in the Field of Progenitor Cells Differentiation

Figure 7

Chondrogenic differentiation of ASC_CTRL and ASC_EMS. During chondrogenesis ASC_EMS displayed decreased proliferation potential in comparison to control group (a). The number (b) and size (c) of cartilaginous nodule were reduced in that group. Visualization of cartilaginous nodules with Safranin O and SEM confirmed that ASC_CTRL underwent more effective chondrogenesis in comparison to control group. Formation of proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix was also confirmed using TEM (d). The expression of chondrogenic markers including Vimentin (e), Decorin (f), and Sox-9 (g) was decreased in ASC_EMS, impinging on chondrogenesis impairment and multipotency deterioration. Results are expressed as mean ± SD. , , and .

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