|
| Followed disease | Animal model/test | Oxidative disturbances |
|
| Bipolar disorder | Manic phase, induced with amphetamine | Brain: ↑ SOD production; ↑ TBARS [90]
↑ protein and lipid oxidative damage [91]
↓ SOD: ↓ CAT specific activity [92]
↑ lipid peroxidation [93]
↑ protein aggregation of 4-HNE (a major product of lipid peroxidation) [94] |
| Manic phase, chronic amphetamine administration | Submitochondrial fragments of prefrontal cortex and hippocampus: ↑ superoxide production [91]
↓ GSH-Px; ↓ glutathione; ↓ vitamin C [93] |
| Manic phase, induced with ouabain | ↑ TBARS; ↑ superoxide production; ↑ carbonyl content [95–98]
↑ SOD; ↓ CAT [95] |
|
| Depression | Chronic mild stress | ↑ superoxide in hippocampus; ↑ TBARS in cortex [99]
↓ antioxidant GST gene expression [100] |
| Olfactory bulbectomy model | ↓ CAT in blood stream; ↓ GSH; ↓ GSH-Px; ↑ SOD [101] |
| Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) | ↑ liver MDA; ↓ TAC (total antioxidant capability); ↓ GSH; ↓ SOD; ↓ CAT [102] |
| Swimming restraint | ↓ plasma GSH; ↓ plasma TBARS [103] |
|
| Anxiety | Fetal alcohol exposure | Hippocampus, cerebellum: ↑ lipid peroxidation; ↑ protein oxidation; ↓ GSH [104] |
| Immobilization stress | ↑ lipid peroxidation; ↑ nitrite; ↓ GSH; ↓ CAT [105] |
| Chronic social isolation | Hepatic levels: ↓ GSH; ↓ glutathione reductase; ↑ CAT; ↑ glutathione S-transferase [106] |
| Ovariectomy-induced | Plasma: ↑ 8-isoprostane; hippocampus: ↑ protein carbonylation [107] |
| PLTP knock-out model | ↓ vitamin E; ↑ oxidative stress markers in phospholipid transfer protein knock-out mice [108] |
| Vit. A subacute supplementation | ↑ lipid peroxidation; ↑ protein carbonylation; ↑ protein thiol oxidation; SOD and CAT, altered, induced by vitamin A [109] |
|
| Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) model | Single prolonged stress | Amygdala: ↓ glutathione reductase; plasma: ↑ 8-isoprostanes levels [110] |
|
