|
| Vanadium species, compound | Immune system process, pathology, disease | Vanadium effect | Vanadium dose |
|
| Sodium metavanadate (V(V)) | Immune system activation against γ-irradiation in mice | () Amplification of production of IFN-c and total IgG in irradiated splenocytes
() Expansion of B cells accounting for increased number of splenocytes | 0–3.99 μM |
| NF-κΒ/JNK signaling | Activation of both NF-κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) | 0–80 μM |
|
| Ammonium metavanadate (V(V)) | T cell signaling | () Concentration-dependent inhibition-proliferation of splenic T cells | 5–60 ppm |
| () Immune system function of local intestinal mucosa in broilers could be affected | 5–60 mg/kg |
| Cellular immune function | Reduction of percentage of peripheral blood T-cell subsets and proliferation function and serum interleukin-2 content | 5–60 ppm |
|
| Vanadium pentoxide (V(V)) | T lymphocyte activation | () Inhibition of secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF-α, etc.) |
1 fM–100 μM |
| Ammonium metavanadate (V(V)) | Immunocompetence | () Effect of production-release of major immunoregulatory cytokines and disruption of cell-mediated immunity |
|
| Vanadium pentoxide (V(V)) | Autoimmunity | () Thymic dysfunction
() T cell negative selection in mice | 0.02 M |
| Impairment of function of immunoregulatory NK cells | IL-2-mediated dysregulation of signaling pathways in NK cells | 25–400 μM |
|
| Sodium orthovanadate (V(V)) | B cell signaling | Enhancement of DNA synthesis by T and B cell mitogenic agents | 0–1000 μM |
| T cell signaling | () Enhancement of inducible forms of CREB
in both resting and antigen-stimulated T cells
() Enhancement of AP-1 activity in primary T lymphocytes | 10–100 μM |
|
| “Pervanadate” (V(V)-peroxido species) | NF-κΒ signaling | NF-κB activation through tyrosine phosphorylation | 50–250 μM |
|
| Bis(peroxido)vanadium species (Bpv) (V(V)) | NF-κΒ signaling | () NF-κB activation | 10 μM |
| () Neuroprotection | 0.2 mg/kg/day |
|
| Vanadyl sulphate (V(IV)) | B cell morphology | () B cell morphology maintenance
() Prevention and/or treatment of B cell lesions induced by streptozotocin treatment | 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 mg/mL |
|
Vanadium(IV) oxido complex
N,N′-Bis(salicylidene)-O-phenylenediamine vanadium(IV) oxide (V(IV)) | NF-κΒ signaling | Modulation of both ERK and NF-κB pathways | 7–25 μM |
|
| Vanadium(III)-(L-cysteine) (V(III)) | Antioxidant defense, inflammation | () Prevention of cisplatin generation of ROS
() Restoration of renal antioxidant enzymes
() Chemoprotectant in cisplatin therapy | 1–10 μM
1 mg/kg |
|
| Ti-Al-V alloy surfaces | TLR signaling | () Reduction of TLR4 mRNA
() Proinflammatory interleukins, cell death, and apoptosis | N/A |
|
