Coordinated Upregulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Autophagy in Breast Cancer Cells: The Role of Dynamin Related Protein-1 and Implication for Breast Cancer Treatment

Figure 4

Analysis of mitochondrial autophagy. (a)-(b) Analysis of the mitophagy biomarker (BNIP3) and autophagosome regulators (beclin-1 and LC3-II) by western blot (a) and densitometry (b). (c)-(d) Electron microscopic imaging revealed higher population of autophagic vacuoles engulfing mitochondria (indicated by arrows) in MDA-MB-231 (d) than in MCF-10A (c) cells. See supplemental Figure for images at a higher magnification. (e)-(f) Measurement of autophagic flux by western blot (e) and densitometry (f). Autophagic flux was calculated as the difference between LC3-II levels in the absence (0 hr) and presence (4 hr) of autolysosome inhibitors bafilomycin A1 (0.1 μM) and leupeptin (10 μg/mL); –5; , , and .

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