Metformin Prevents Renal Stone Formation through an Antioxidant Mechanism In Vitro and In Vivo

Table 1

Serum and urinary biochemistry.

	Mean ± SD
	Control	EG	EG + metformin
Serum (mg/dL)
Creatinine	0.32 ± 0.03	0.35 ± 0.05	0.33 ± 0.05
Ca	10.34 ± 0.41	10.61 ± 0.46	10.29 ± 0.20
P	6.69 ± 0.46	7.40 ± 0.46	7.01 ± 0.34
Mg	2.62 ± 0.42	2.45 ± 0.50	2.55 ± 0.37
Urine
Volume (mL)	22.07 ± 3.31	25.02 ± 5.18	24.47 ± 4.05
PH	7.57 ± 0.46	7.40 ± 0.26	7.30 ± 0.30
Ca (mg/day)	3.32 ± 0.39	2.98 ± 0.37	2.60 ± 0.55
Ox (mg/day)	1.68 ± 0.57	18.62 ± 2.42	14.95 ± 1.49

, the control group versus the EG treated group and the EG + metformin treated group.
, the EG treated group versus the EG + metformin treated group.