Cross Talk of Proteostasis and Mitostasis in Cellular Homeodynamics, Ageing, and Disease

Figure 2

Mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial morphology and cellular network are regulated by continuous balance and dynamic regulation of fusion and fission events. Fusion is mediated by the Mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) and Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) GTPases of the OM, as well as from OPA1 of the IM (see Figure 1 for abbreviations). Mfn1 and Mfn2 promote fusion (via the interaction of their coiled-coil domains) of the OMs of two juxtaposed mitochondria and this event is followed by OPA1-mediated fusion of the IMs (left arrow). On the other hand, fission generates two daughter organelles from a mitochondrion. Drp1 is recruited to the mitochondria OM where it directly interacts with Fis1, Mff, and MiD49/MiD51. Then Drp1 generates a ring structure that constricts the mitochondrial membranes leading to the formation of two daughter mitochondria (right arrow).