NADPH Oxidase: A Potential Target for Treatment of Stroke

Table 1

Published studies on genetic absence or pharmacological inhibition of NOX in stroke.

NOX isoform	Stroke model	Genetic absence or pharmacological inhibitor	Parameters analyzed	Conclusion	Reference
NOX1	tMCAO and pMCAO	NOX1−/−	Lesion size, neurological outcome, BBB integrity, cerebral edema	NOX1 KO has a protective effect	[63]
NOX1	tMCAO	NOX1−/−	Infarct volume, cerebral edema, neurological outcome	NO neuroprotection	[62]
NOX1	tMCAO and pMCAO	NOX1−/−	Infarct volume, neurological outcome, BBB integrity, cerebral edema, ROS, RNS, apoptosis	NO neuroprotection	[56]
NOX2	tMCAO	NOX2−/−	Infarct volume, ROS	NOX2 KO has a protective effect	[61]
NOX2	tMCAO	NOX2−/−	Infarct volume, BBB integrity	NOX2 KO has a protective effect	[58]
NOX2	tMCAO	NOX2−/−	Mortality, infarct volume, neurological outcome, ROS	NOX2 KO has a protective effect	[60]
NOX2	tMCAO and pMCAO	NOX2−/−	Infarct volume, neurological outcome, BBB integrity, cerebral edema, ROS, RNS, apoptosis	NO neuroprotection	[56]
NOX2	ICH	NOX2−/−	Mortality, hematoma volume, neurological deficit, brain edema	NOX2 KO has a protective effect	[77]
NOX2	SAH	NOX2−/−	Mortality, brain edema, oxidative stress	NO neuroprotection	[86]
NOX4	tMCAO and pMCAO	NOX4−/−	Infarct volume, neurological outcome, BBB integrity, cerebral edema, ROS, RNS, apoptosis	NOX4 KO has a protective effect	[56]
	tMCAO	DPI	Superoxide production level	DPI has a protective effect	[57]
	tMCAO	DPI and DMSO	Infarct volume, neurological outcome, BBB integrity, MMP-2/ MMP-9 activity	DPI and DMSO exert neuroprotection	[64]
	tMCAO	Apocynin	Infarct volume, neurological outcome	Apocynin has a protective effect	[65]
	tMCAO	Apocynin	Neurological outcome, BBB integrity, MMP-9 activity	Apocynin has a protective effect	[66]
	tMCAO	Honokiol	Lesion size, ROS, neutrophil activation/infiltration, calcium influx	Honokiol has a protective effect	[67]
	ICH	Apocynin	Hemorrhage volume, brain edema, neurological outcome	NO neuroprotection	[80]
	SAH	DPI	ROS, autoregulatory vasodilation	DPI has a protective effect	[82]
	SAH	Apocynin	cerebral vasospasm, superoxide level, neurological deficit	Apocynin has a protective effect	[83]

tMCAO: transient middle cerebral artery occlusion; pMCAO: permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion; BBB integrity: blood-brain barrier integrity; KO: knockout; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RNS: reactive nitrogen species; ICH: intracerebral hemorrhage; SAH: subarachnoid hemorrhage; DPI: diphenyleneiodonium; DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide; MMP-2/MMP-9: matrix metalloproteinase-2/matrix metalloproteinase-9.