Protective Effects of D-Penicillamine on Catecholamine-Induced Myocardial Injury

Figure 1

Chemical structures of compounds under investigation: (a) catecholamines epinephrine /(R)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl)benzene-1,2-diol/ and ISO /(RS)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-(isopropyl-amino)ethyl)benzene-1,2-diol/; (b) aminochromes, that is, catecholamine oxidation products, adrenochrome /3-hydroxy-1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-5,6-dione/ and isoprenochrome /3-hydro-xy-1-isopropyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-5,6-dione/; and (c) copper chelator D-PA /(2S)-2-amino-3-methyl-3-sulfanyl-butanoic acid/.

(a)

(b)

(c)