Changes in Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Fragile Adults over Fifty Years of Age and in Elderly People Exclusively Fed Enteral Nutrition
Table 4
Plasma cardiovascular and inflammatory biomarkers of frail adult and elderly patients fed exclusively by enteral nutrition with the experimental and reference diets for 90 d and 180 d.
Experimental
Reference
Baseline ()
90 d ()
180 d ()
Baseline ()
90 d ()
180 d ()
MMP-9 (ng/mL)
156.6 ± 20.5
112.6 ± 17.7
69.7 ± 8.6
121.1 ± 12.9
81.4 ± 13.4
61.0 ± 8.6
sVCAM-1 (μg/mL)
1.07 ± 0.05
1.13 ± 0.08
1.34 ± 0.09
1.07 ± 0.08
1.08 ± 0.09
1.06 ± 0.10
sICAM-1 (ng/mL)
211.6 ± 12.6
214.3 ± 12.8
253.9 ± 23.0
199.6 ± 9.59
204.0 ± 11.1
189.6 ± 7.8
sE-Selectin (ng/mL)
16.59 ± 1.4
16.8 ± 1.3
17.4 ± 3.3
16.23 ± 1.2
15.6 ± 1.8
16.6 ± 1.7
MCP-1 (pg/mL)
202.0 ± 16.2
174.8 ± 16.9
161.6 ± 16.5
173.5 ± 13.4
144.6 ± 8.8
152.5 ± 20.5
Endothelin-1 (pmol/L)
2.22 ± 0.90
1.66 ± 0.94
1.80 ± 1.09
2.07 ± 0.50
1.84 ± 0.45
2.32 ± 0.95
tPAI-1 (ng/mL)
10.32 ± 2.26
8.76 ± 2.49
5.08 ± 1.41
7.44 ± 1.98
8.01 ± 2.30
8.63 ± 2.05
MPO (ng/mL)
21.76 ± 4.1
17.2 ± 3.0
14.3 ± 1.7
16.1 ± 2.1
16.7 ± 3.9
21.3 ± 3.8
TNFα (ng/mL)
7.06 ± 0.92
7.29 ± 1.69
6.52 ± 0.79
5.60 ± 0.61
4.87 ± 0.55
4.72 ± 0.55
IL-6 (pg/mL)
35.1 ± 6.5
40.0 ± 8.6
20.6 ± 7.5
35.8 ± 11.7
54.7 ± 18.6
40.2 ± 19.4
hsCRP (mg/L)
2.03 ± 0.42
2.12 ± 0.65
0.98 ± 0.32
2.02 ± 0.59
1.88 ± 0.60
1.88 ± 0.55
Significant differences between groups at each time point. Significant differences time per group according to a general lineal model for repeated measures. Mean values within a row with unlike superscript letters are significantly different in each group. < 0.05 was considered significant. IL-6, interleukin-6; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MMP-9, metalloproteinase-9; MPO, myeloperoxidase; sICAM-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; sVCAM-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; TNF-, tumour necrosis factor-; tPAI-1, total plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; hsCRP, high sensitive C reactive protein.
