Hydrogen Sulfide and Cellular Redox Homeostasis

Figure 3

H₂S increases intracellular GSH synthesis. Cellular GSH is mainly synthesized from cysteine. H₂S increases EAAT2-mediated glutamate uptake, which thereby increases cystine transportation through cystine/glutamate antiport system (). Intracellular H₂S is released into extracellular space and reduces cystine into cysteine, which would be efficiently imported into cells through a cysteine transporter distinct from system . These two pathways provide more substrate to produce GSH. H₂S increases glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) expression and promotes GSH synthesis.