Review Article
Redox Homeostasis and Cellular Antioxidant Systems: Crucial Players in Cancer Growth and Therapy
Table 2
Modulators of redox signaling pathways employed in combination with anticancer agents and their effects.
| Drug | Mechanism of action | Cancer type | Outcome | Ref. |
| Trametinib | MEK inhibitor | Melanoma | Efficacious | [103] | Selumetinib | MEK inhibitor | Thyroid, ovarian cancer | Efficacious | [104–106] | Tamoxifen | PKC inhibitor | Gliomas, breast cancer | Efficacious | [107–111] | Perifosine | Akt, MAPK and JNK inhibitor | Haematologic tumors, myeloma | Efficacious | [112–116] | Sulfasalazine | NF-κB inhibitor | Colorectal cancer | Efficacious | [117, 118] | Nelvinavir | Decreases HIF-1α | Adenoid cystic carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, NSCLC | Efficacious | [119–122] | Topotecan | HIF-1 and Topoisomerase I inhibitor | Endometrial and cervical cancer | Efficacious | [123, 124] | Aprinocarsen | Antisense oligonucleotide against PKC-α | Lymphoma, breast cancer | Contrasting results | [125–127] | Midostaurin | Multitarget inhibitor of PKCs, VEGFR2, PDGFR | AML, melanoma | Contrasting results | [128, 129] | MK-2206 | Akt and PI3K inhibitor | Gastric, pancreatic and breast cancer | Under clinical trial | [130] | Serdemetan | mdm2 inhibitor | Refractory solid tumors | Under clinical trial | [131] | PRIMA-1 and | Reverse the oncogenic properties of mutant p53 | Ovarian cancer | Under clinical trial | [132, 133] | AMG 232 | mdm2-p53 interactions inhibitor | Melanoma, myeloma, myeloid leukemia | Under clinical trial | [134] |
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