The Plant-Derived Chalcone 2,2′,5′-Trihydroxychalcone Provides Neuroprotection against Toll-Like Receptor 4 Triggered Inflammation in Microglia

Figure 4

225THC inhibits the LPS-induced expression of iNOS, but not NADPH-driven superoxide production, in BV2 microglia. Modulation of BV2 iNOS expression, but not superoxide production, by 225THC. Representative Western blots of iNOS expression and β-actin as a loading control (a) and densitometry (b) of three separate blots for BV2 microglia exposed to 225THC at the stated concentrations ± LPS (2 μg/mL) for 24 h. Statistical analysis was performed by a two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analysis; indicates when compared with basal or as indicated. (c) Superoxide generation in BV2 microglia measured by dihydroethidium fluorescence following 24 h exposure to 225THC at the concentrations indicated ± LPS (2 μg/mL). The phorbol, PMA, was used as a positive activator of superoxide generation. (d) Representative fields of BV2 microglia generating intracellular superoxide following 24 h exposure to 225THC +/− LPS. Statistical analysis was performed by a two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analysis; indicates ; indicates when compared with basal or as indicated.

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