In Vivo Effects of Vanadium Pentoxide and Antioxidants (Ascorbic Acid and Alpha-Tocopherol) on Apoptotic, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Damage in Peripheral Blood of Mice

Table 1

Averages of the MN-PCE induction in peripheral blood of mice.

Treatment	Dose (mg/kg)		Time analysis (hours)	MN-PCE/1,000 cells^∧ (mean ± SD)	ANOVA
Control (water)	0	5	0	0.5 ± 0.3
			24	0.8 ± 0.2
			48	0.9 ± 0.4
			72	1.2 ± 0.2
Control (corn oil)	0	5	0	0.2 ± 0.2
			24	0.3 ± 0.3
			48	0.4 ± 0.4
			72	0.3 ± 0.3
AA	100	5	0	0.5 ± 0.3
			24	0.2 ± 0.2
			48	0.3 ± 0.2
			72	0.3 ± 0.4
α-TOH	20	5	0	0.3 ± 0.4
			24	0.5 ± 0.3
			48	0.3 ± 0.2
			72	0.3 ± 0.2
V2O5	40	5	0	1.4 ± 0.4
			24	2.2 ± 0.2	a, c, d
			48	3.0 ± 0.6	a, b, c, d
			72	3.9 ± 0.8	a, b, c, d
AA + V2O5	100 + 40	5	0	1.1 ± 0.2
			24	0.9 ± 0.4
			48	0.7 ± 0.2
			72	0.8 ± 0.4
α-TOH + V2O5	20 + 40	5	0	0.7 ± 0.4
			24	1.0 ± 0.3
			48	1.2 ± 0.2
			72	0.8 ± 0.2

⁢ versus controls; versus V₂O₅ 0 h; versus AA + V₂O₅; versus  -TOH + V₂O₅.
AA: vehicle water, distilled; α-TOH: vehicle corn oil.
^∧2,000 PCE were evaluated in each mouse (5 mice per group).