An Evaluation of Root Phytochemicals Derived from Althea officinalis (Marshmallow) and Astragalus membranaceus as Potential Natural Components of UV Protecting Dermatological Formulations

Figure 3

Median percentage DNA damage in the tail of comets derived from MRC-5 cells incubated with no extract (NE) or whole extracts of (a) commercially sourced field-grown, (b) hydroponically glasshouse-grown, or (c) glasshouse soil-grown Althea (AL) roots for one hour followed by 0, 12, or 15 minutes of filtered xenon-mercury irradiation (UVA + visible light). Solid bar indicates median, box indicates ± 25% of the data, and the whisker indicates the 10–90% spread of the data. indicates a statistically significant decrease in damage () when compared with the control group irradiated for the same time period without extract exposure.

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(b)

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