Is Modulation of Oxidative Stress an Answer? The State of the Art of Redox Therapeutic Actions in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Table 1

Current redox clinical investigations for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Redox therapy	Clinical application
Vitamin E	Alzheimer’s disease [20, 21]; Parkinson’s disease [22, 23]; Multiple sclerosis [24, 25]
Polyphenols	Parkinson’s disease [22, 23]; Multiple sclerosis [24, 25]; Hereditary spastic paraplegia [ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02314208]
Coenzyme Q10	Parkinson’s disease [26–29]; Multiple sclerosis
MPAC; (i.e., clioquinol)	Alzheimer’s disease [30–32]; Parkinson’s disease [33, 34]
-3 PUFAs	Multiple sclerosis [35, 36]
Metalloporphyrins	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [37]
Pramipexole; (i.e., KNS-760704)	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [38]

MPAC: metal protein attenuating compounds; PUFAs: polyunsaturated fatty acids.