Oxidative Stress as Estimated by Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Levels Amplifies the Alkaline Phosphatase-Dependent Risk for Mortality in ESKD Patients on Dialysis
Table 1
Main demographic, somatometric and clinical characteristics in the whole study population and in patients as divided according to alkaline phosphatase quartiles.
Whole group ()
Alk-Phos < median value ()
Alk-Phos > median value ()
for linear trend
Age (years)
65 ± 14
65 ± 14
65 ± 13
0.93
BMI (kg/m2)
25 ± 5
25 ± 5
25 ± 5
0.74
Male sex . (%)
624 (63)
343 (69)
281 (57)
<0.001
Current smokers . (%)
149 (15)
78 (16)
71 (14)
0.54
Past smokers . (%)
370 (37)
202 (41)
168 (34)
0.03
Diabetics . (%)
272 (28)
127 (26)
145 (30)
0.14
On antihypertensive treatment . (%)
634 (64)
320 (64)
314 (63)
0.72
Dialysis vintage (months)
45 (21–85)
38 (19–76)
52 (26–96)
<0.001
With cardiovascular comorbidities . (%)
533 (54)
257 (52)
276 (56)
0.21
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
135 ± 22
135 ± 22
135 ± 23
0.99
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
74 ± 12
74 ± 12
73 ± 11
0.09
Pulse pressure (mmHg)
74 ± 11
73 ± 10
74 ± 11
0.13
Cholesterol (mg/dL)
156 ± 40
155 ± 39
156 ± 41
0.61
Haemoglobin (g/dL)
11.3 ± 1.5
11.3 ± 1.4
11.3 ± 1.5
0.96
Albumin (g/dL)
3.9 ± 0.5
3.9 ± 0.5
3.9 ± 0.5
0.87
CRP (mg/L)
5.0 (3.0–13.0)
4.1 (2.9–12.0)
5.7 (3.0–14.0)
0.02
Calcium (mg/dL)
9.1 ± 0.9
9.2 ± 0.9
9.0 ± 0.9
0.001
Phosphate (mg/dL)
5.0 ± 1.6
5.2 ± 1.6
4.9 ± 1.6
0.001
Cardiovascular comorbidities: the presence, at baseline, of at least one of these comorbidities: angina, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, coronary surgery, angioplasty, other heart surgeries, claudicatio intermittens, amputations, peripheral surgery, stroke, TIA, and preexisting chronic heart failure. Data are expressed as mean ± SD or median and interquartile range or as percent frequency, as appropriate.
