Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Research Article

Bioactive Flavonoids, Antioxidant Behaviour, and Cytoprotective Effects of Dried Grapefruit Peels (Citrus paradisi Macf.)

Table 3

Flavanones glycosides, flavanones, and polymethoxylated flavones content (milligrams per gram of dry weight) and relative standard deviations (RSD) both for white and pink grapefruit peel extracts.


	Fresh white grapefruit		White grapefruit oven-dried at 45°C		White grapefruit oven-dried at 60°C		Freeze-dried white grapefruit		Fresh pink grapefruit		Pink grapefruit oven-dried at 45°C		Pink grapefruit oven-dried at 60°C		Freeze-dried pink grapefruit

Isonaringin	13.42^a	(13.92)	4.57^b	(1.71)	4.02^b	(0.22)	7.17^c	(2.06)	11.85^a	(10.73)	3.72^b	(5.65)	3.55^b	(0.32)	5.22^b	(4.74)
Naringin	160.25^a	(18.24)	59.41^b	(1.96)	51.16^b	(0.25)	95.08^c	(5.39)	142.39^a	(16.81)	45.92^b	(6.39)	43.50^b	(0.34)	50.40^b	(3.12)
Hesperidin	3.23^a	(15.81)	0.51^cd	(2.20)	0.37^cd	(5.82)	0.65^cd	(1.90)	2.68^b	(6.31)	0.21^d	(6.29)	0.13^d	(0.26)	0.95^c	(2.77)
Neohesperidin	3.30^a	(9.93)	0.79^c	(2.34)	0.67^cd	(0.48)	1.39	(5.45)	2.93^b	(7.40)	0.30^d	(6.41)	0.27^d	(0.39)	0.79^c	(2.09)
Unknown-1	4.39^a	(5.26)	0.76^c	(2.17)	0.76^c	(0.08)	0.74^c	(1.26)	3.88^b	(4.83)	0.93^c	(10.65)	0.84^c	(0.12)	0.61^c	(5.59)
Unknown-2	5.36^a	(6.71)	1.67^bc	(2.28)	1.46^b	(1.80)	2.20^c	(7.01)	5.05^a	(8.82)	1.60^bc	(4.70)	1.29^b	(0.08)	1.09^b	(1.40)
Naringenin	8.49^a	(9.95)	5.05^b	(2.16)	4.54^b	(1.10)	7.83^a	(4.78)	8.14^a	(15.83)	2.87^c	(5.29)	2.49^c	(0.29)	2.35^c	(0.35)
Hesperetin	2.93^a	(2.24)	0.54^c	(1.94)	0.43^cd	(1.17)	0.87	(1.25)	2.55^b	(3.03)	0.42^cd	(5.57)	0.39^d	(1.40)	0.47^cd	(6.99)
Isosinensetin	3.02^a	(3.71)	0.56^b	(3.44)	0.45^b	(0.59)	0.60^a	(4.96)	3.12^a	(10.67)	0.41^b	(1.34)	0.43^b	(2.07)	0.24^b	(6.16)
Sinensetin	2.10^a	(14.48)	1.82^a	(0.13)	1.78^a	(0.68)	1.74^a	(2.68)	2.07^a	(5.30)	0.63^b	(0.77)	0.63^b	(0.69)	0.79^b	(7.69)
Unknown-3	4.07^a	(9.42)	1.14^b	(4.56)	0.99^b	(0.87)	1.46^b	(3.69)	3.86^a	(9.83)	0.32^c	(5.50)	0.32^c	(3.68)	0.41^c	(8.13)
Nobiletin	2.36^a	(14.26)	1.22^c	(1.29)	1.35^c	(13.02)	2.09^a	(12.63)	3.45^b	(11.67)	0.63^d	(2.74)	0.58^d	(2.61)	1.24^c	(10.19)
Tangeretin	2.45^a	(10.48)	2.05^c	(1.11)	1.98^c	(5.29)	1.96^c	(2.51)	1.03^b	(3.34)	0.97^b	(0.38)	0.97^b	(0.46)	1.06^b	(8.32)

Compounds tentatively identified. Data are expressed as naringin equivalents (mg/g).
Different letters in the same column denote a significant difference according to the Student-Newman-Keuls test, at .